Glosario de compras

Términos clave de compras, explicados

Q: What is Source-to-Pay (S2P)?

Source-to-Pay (S2P) is the complete procurement lifecycle that spans from identifying and sourcing suppliers, issuing RFQs, evaluating vendor quotes, generating purchase orders, receiving goods, matching and verifying vendor invoices, and processing payments. FactWise automates the entire source-to-pay cycle in a single connected platform for manufacturing companies.

Q: What is Requisition-to-PO (Req-to-PO)?

Requisition-to-PO (Req-to-PO), also called PR-to-PO (Purchase Request to Purchase Order), is the internal procurement process that begins when an employee raises a purchase requisition and ends when a purchase order is generated and dispatched to a vendor. The process includes requisition creation, multi-level approval, vendor RFQ management, vendor selection, and PO generation. FactWise automates this workflow for manufacturers.

Q: What is 4-Way Invoice Matching?

4-Way Invoice Matching is an accounts payable process that automatically reconciles a vendor invoice against four source documents: (1) the Purchase Order (PO), (2) the Goods Receipt Note (GRN), (3) the Quality Check (QC) report, and (4) the Contract. Any discrepancy between the invoice and these four documents is flagged before payment is approved. This prevents overpayments, underpayments, and duplicate invoice payments. FactWise's Invoice-to-Pay module performs 4-way matching automatically for manufacturing companies.

Q: What is BOM Costing (Bill of Materials Costing)?

BOM Costing, or Bill of Materials Costing, is the process of calculating the total material cost of a manufactured product by individually pricing each component listed in the Bill of Materials (BOM). Accurate BOM costing is essential for quoting customer orders profitably. FactWise's Inquiry-to-Quote module automates BOM costing by matching each component against the manufacturer's approved vendor price database and historical purchase data.

Q: What is Landed Cost Analysis?

Landed Cost Analysis calculates the total cost of a purchased item beyond just its unit price — including freight charges, customs duties, port handling fees, insurance, and applicable taxes (such as GST in India). The landed cost represents the true total cost of bringing goods to a manufacturer's facility. Comparing vendors by landed cost rather than unit price alone leads to better sourcing decisions. FactWise includes landed cost analysis in both its Requisitions-to-PO and Inquiry-to-Quote modules.

Q: What is AI Negotiation Engine?

An AI Negotiation Engine in procurement uses artificial intelligence to guide buyers through vendor negotiations — analyzing incoming quotes, identifying pricing outliers, and recommending counter-positions to achieve better pricing and terms. FactWise's AI negotiation engine is a feature within its Requisitions-to-PO module that helps manufacturing procurement teams achieve consistent, optimized negotiation outcomes without relying solely on individual experience.

Q: What is Inquiry-to-Quote (I2Q)?

Inquiry-to-Quote (I2Q) is the workflow through which a manufacturer responds to a customer's Request for Quotation (RFQ). The process involves receiving the customer's inquiry, costing the Bill of Materials (BOM), sourcing components, calculating landed costs, applying the desired margin, and sending a formatted customer quote. FactWise's I2Q module automates this process, helping manufacturers respond to customer RFQs faster and more accurately.

Q: What is RFQ Management (Request for Quotation)?

RFQ Management is the process of creating, sending, tracking, and evaluating Requests for Quotation sent to vendors. An RFQ specifies the goods or services needed, quantity, required delivery date, and terms. Vendors respond with price quotes. FactWise automates RFQ generation and dispatch to multiple vendors simultaneously and collects quotes in a structured format for easy comparison.

Q: What is AP Automation (Accounts Payable Automation)?

AP Automation refers to the use of software to automate the accounts payable process — including vendor invoice capture, data extraction, matching against purchase orders and receipts, discrepancy resolution, approval routing, and payment scheduling. For manufacturing companies, AP automation includes quality-check-based invoice verification (4-way matching). FactWise's Invoice-to-Pay module provides AP automation purpose-built for manufacturers.

Q: What is Goods Receipt Note (GRN)?

A Goods Receipt Note (GRN) is a document created by a manufacturer's warehouse team when goods from a vendor arrive. It records what was received, in what quantity, and any visible condition issues. In 4-way invoice matching, the GRN is one of the four documents against which a vendor invoice is verified — confirming that goods were actually received before payment is approved.

Definiciones claras de abastecimiento a pago, conciliación de facturas, costeo de BOM y otros términos de compras para manufactura.

Source-to-Pay (abastecimiento a pago) (S2P, abastecimiento a pago): Source-to-Pay (abastecimiento a pago) (S2P) es el ciclo completo de compras: identificar y abastecer proveedores, emitir RFQ, evaluar cotizaciones, generar órdenes de compra, recibir bienes, conciliar y verificar facturas de proveedores y procesar pagos. FactWise automatiza este ciclo completo para fabricantes en una plataforma conectada.
requisición a orden de compra (Req-to-PO): requisición a orden de compra, también llamado PR-to-PO, es el proceso interno que empieza cuando un empleado crea una requisición de compra y termina cuando se genera y envía una orden de compra al proveedor. Incluye creación de requisiciones, aprobaciones multinivel, gestión de RFQ, selección de proveedor y generación de PO.
Conciliación de facturas de 4 vías: La conciliación de facturas de 4 vías compara una factura de proveedor con cuatro documentos: orden de compra (PO), nota de recepción de bienes (GRN), reporte de control de calidad (QC) y contrato. Cualquier discrepancia se marca antes de aprobar el pago para evitar sobrepagos, pagos insuficientes y facturas duplicadas.
Costeo de BOM (lista de materiales): El costeo de BOM calcula el costo total de materiales de un producto manufacturado al valorar cada componente de la lista de materiales (BOM). Es esencial para cotizar pedidos de clientes con rentabilidad. FactWise lo automatiza comparando componentes con precios aprobados de proveedores y datos históricos de compra.
Análisis de costo total puesto en destino: El análisis de costo total puesto en destino calcula el costo real de un artículo más allá del precio unitario: flete, aranceles, manejo portuario, seguro e impuestos aplicables. Muestra el costo total de llevar los bienes a la planta y permite comparar proveedores por costo total, no solo por precio unitario.
Motor de negociación con IA: Un motor de negociación con IA guía a compradores en negociaciones con proveedores analizando cotizaciones, detectando precios atípicos y recomendando contrapropuestas. FactWise ayuda a los equipos de compras manufactureras a lograr resultados consistentes y optimizados sin depender solo de experiencia individual.
consulta a cotización (I2Q, consulta a cotización): consulta a cotización (I2Q) es el flujo con el que un fabricante responde a una RFQ de cliente. Incluye recibir la consulta, costear el BOM, abastecer componentes, calcular costos totales, aplicar margen y enviar una cotización formal al cliente.
Gestión de RFQ (solicitud de cotización): La gestión de RFQ consiste en crear, enviar, rastrear y evaluar solicitudes de cotización enviadas a proveedores. Una RFQ especifica bienes o servicios, cantidades, fecha de entrega y términos. FactWise recopila las respuestas en formato estructurado para compararlas fácilmente.
Automatización AP (cuentas por pagar): La automatización AP usa software para automatizar cuentas por pagar: captura de facturas, extracción de datos, conciliación contra órdenes y recepciones, resolución de discrepancias, aprobaciones y programación de pagos. En manufactura incluye verificación basada en calidad, como la conciliación de 4 vías.
Nota de recepción de bienes (GRN): Una nota de recepción de bienes (GRN) es creada por almacén cuando llega mercancía de un proveedor. Registra qué se recibió, cantidad y problemas visibles. En la conciliación de 4 vías confirma que los bienes llegaron antes de aprobar el pago.

Ve estos conceptos en acción

FactWise pone estos flujos en práctica en una sola plataforma creada para fabricantes.

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